Ações do programa de puerpério na atenção primária: uma revisão integrativa / Postpartum program actions in primary health care: an integrative review

Resumo O puerpério trata-se de um período de significativa morbimortalidade para as mulheres, e a Atenção Primária à saúde (APS) é importante no desenvolvimento de ações para atender as necessidades de saúde das mulheres. Objetivou-se sistematizar o conhecimento produzido sobre as ações de programas de atenção pós-parto no âmbito da APS, tanto em nível nacional, como internacional. Utilizou-se revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos junto às bases Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), BDENF (Base de dados em Enfermagem), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e PubMed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos). A busca ocorreu de abril a maio de 2017. Atenderam aos critérios de seleção 43 artigos. Os resultados apontam que: a APS possui estrutura física para atenção à puérpera, porém com déficit em recursos humanos e materiais; há baixa cobertura de consulta pós-parto e visita domiciliar; boa avaliação do incentivo ao aleitamento materno, porém com foco na criança; rastreamento da Depressão Pós-Parto internacionalmente por meio da "Edimburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale", e déficit na atenção a esse agravo no Brasil. A atenção pós-parto ainda tem como foco o cuidado ao recém-nascido e são restritos, em sua maioria, ao puerpério imediato e tardio.

Abstract Puerperium is a period of significant morbimortality for women, and Primary Health Care (PHC) is important in developing actions to meet women's health needs. This study aimed to systematize the knowledge produced on postpartum care programs actions within PHC at both national and international levels. This is an integrative review of the literature in databases LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), BDENF (Nursing Database), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PubMed (US National Library of Medicine). Search was performed in the period April-May 2017. Forty-three papers met the selection criteria. Results indicate that PHC has the physical structure to provide puerperae with care, but has a shortage of human and material resources; there is low postpartum consultation coverage and home visits; there is a good evaluation of the incentive for breastfeeding, but focused on the child; international screening of Postpartum Depression through the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and care shortage for this condition in Brazil. Postpartum care still focuses on care for the newborn and is mostly restricted to the immediate and late puerperium.

Barreras y facilitadores para actividad física durante el embarazo y posparto en mujeres pobres de México / Barriers and facilitators for physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum in women living in poverty of Mexico

Objetivo. Explorar percepciones de proveedores de salud y beneficiarías del Programa Oportunidades sobre la práctica de actividad física durante el embarazo y posparto, e identificar características de la consejería sobre el tema en el primer nivel de atención en salud. Material y métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos que forma parte de una intervención en nutrición del Programa Oportunidades. La información cualitativa se colectó por entrevista (50 mujeres; 34 proveedores de salud) y se obtuvo información cuantitativa a partir de un cuestionario (n=88 mujeres; n=64 proveedores; n=111 observaciones de consulta). Resultados. Se documentaron barreras a) individuales: falta de tiempo y de apoyo social; b) socioculturales: prejuicios de pares y familiares, y falta de instructores, y c) ambientales: falta de espacios físicos seguros y apropiados. 38% de las mujeres reporta haber recibido consejería sobre el tema versus 63.4% de proveedores que reportan haberla dado (p=0.002). Conclusiones. Urgen capacitación a proveedores y promoción de la actividad física que eliminen los prejuicios asociados al tema durante el embarazo y posparto.

Objective.To explore perceptions of healthcare providers and beneficiaries of Oportunidades program on physical activity during pregnancy and post-partum; and identify current reported practices related to counseling on physical activity in the primary healthcare services in Mexico. Materials and methods. A mixed methods approach was used which is part of a nutrition intervention of the Oportunidades program. Qualitative information was collected through interviews (50=women; 34=providers) and quantitative information was collected by questionnaires (n=88 women; n=64 provider; n=111 observations during consultation). Results. The main barriers were: a) individual (lack of time and social support to childcare); b) sociocultural (gender bias derived from peer groups or family and lack of instructors), and c) environmental (lack of safe and adequate physical places). Only 38% of beneficiary women reported having been counseled on physical activity vs 63.4% of providers who reported having counseled on physical activity (p=0.002). Conclusion. There is a need to train healthcare providers and to promote physical activity during pregnancy and post-partum for reducing associated biases.

Adequabilidade da assistência pré-natal em uma estratégia de saúde da família de Porto Alegre-RS / Adecuación de cuidado prenatal en una estrategia de salud familiar de Porto Alegre-RS / Adequacy of prenatal care in a family health strategy program from Porto Alegre-RS

O estudo objetivou avaliar a adequabilidade da assistência pré-natal de baixo risco, conforme a recomendação do Ministério da Saúde, quanto ao número mínimo de consultas, e verificar possíveis fatores associados. Avaliou-se a atenção pré-natal de uma coorte histórica de 95 gestantes. Mais de 50% das mulheres fizeram 6 ou mais consultas de pré-natal. O início do pré-natal ocorreu no primeiro trimestre de gestação para 52% das mulheres; 84,2% das mulheres realizaram todos os exames de pré-natal e apenas 16,8% realizaram consulta no puerpério. A assistência pré-natal foi considerada adequada para 2,1% da amostra. Maior número de consultas pré-natal foi observado entre as mulheres com companheiro e com maior número de filhos.Os registros demonstraram baixa adequação à totalidade dos critérios mínimos estabelecidos e poucos fatores parecem explicar esse cenário.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la adecuación de la atención prenatal de bajo riesgo, según lo recomendado por el Ministerio de Salud, y el número mínimo de consultas, e identificar los posibles factores asociados. Se evaluó la atención de prenatal de una cohorte histórica de 95 embarazadas. Más del 50% de las mujeres hicieron 6 o más consultas de prenatal. El inicio del prenatal se realizó en el primer trimestre de gestación para el 52% de las mujeres; el 84,2% de las mujeres realizó todos los exámenes de prenatal y sólo el 16,8% realizó consulta en el puerperio. La asistencia prenatal fue considerada adecuada para el 2,1% de la muestra. Más números de consultas prenatales fueron observados entre las mujeres con compañero y con mayor número de hijos.Los registros demostraron baja adecuación a la totalidad de los criterios mínimos establecidos y pocos factores parecen explicar ese escenario.

The study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of low-risk prenatal care, as recommended by the Ministry of Health, concerning the minimum number of consultations, and identify possible associated factors. Prenatal care was evaluated in a historical cohort study of 95 pregnant women. Over 50% of the women underwent six or more prenatal consultations. The beginning of the prenatal care began in the first trimester of the gestation for 52% of the women, 84.2% of the women did all their prenatal medical tests, and only 16.8% had postpartum consultations. Prenatal assistance was considered adequate for 2.1% of the sample. A higher number of prenatal consultation was observed among women who had a partner and who had other children.The records reveal a low adequacy level with all minimum criteria established and few factors seem to explain this scenario.

Reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health: Bangladesh and MDG 5.

Bangladesh is on its way to achieving the MDG 5 target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015, but the annual rate of decline needs to triple. Although the use of skilled birth attendants has improved over the past 15 years, it remains less than 20% as of 2007 and is especially low among poor, uneducated rural women. Increasing the numbers of skilled birth attendants, deploying them in teams in facilities, and improving access to them through messages on antenatal care to women, have the potential to increase such use. The use of caesarean sections is increasing although not among poor, uneducated rural women. Strengthening appropriate quality emergency obstetric care in rural areas remains the major challenge. Strengthening other supportive services, including family planning and delayed first birth, menstrual regulation, and education of women, are also important for achieving MDG 5.

The Effects of a Home-Visiting Discharge Education on Maternal Self-esteem, Maternal Attachment, Postpartum Depression and Family Function in the Mothers of NICU Infants / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: A quasi-experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of a home visiting discharge education program on the maternal self-esteem, attachment, postpartum depression and family function in 35 mothers of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants. METHODS: Twenty-three mothers in the intervention group received the home visiting discharge education while 12 mothers in the control group received the routine, hospital discharge education. Baseline data was collected in both groups one day after delivery. The intervention group received the home visiting discharge education while the control group did the routine hospital-based discharge education. The questionnaire including the data on maternal self-esteem, attachment, postpartum depression and family function were collected within 1week after the discharge by mail. RESULTS: The scores of maternal self-esteem, and attachment were significantly increased, and the postpartum depression and the family function score were decreased after the home visiting discharge education in intervention group. There were no changes in these variables before and after the routine hospital-based discharge education in control group. CONCLUSION: These results support the beneficial effects of home visiting discharge education on the maternal role adaptation and family function of the mothers of NICU infants.

Algunos aspectos de programación de la atención materna en el Estado Aragua / Some aspects of the maternal care program in the Aragua State

El trabajo tiene como finalidad hacer un ajuste a algunos aspectos de la programación de la atención materna en el Estado Aragua, tomando como base la información emanada de los organismos regionales de salud. Se plantea el Programa de atención primaria a la embarazada, cuyo propósito es contribuir a la salud de la comunidad mediante la promoción, protección y recuperación de la salud de la embarazada, a través del cumplimiento de la higiene materna